Okongezelelweyo · Uluhlu lokufunda · imizuzu eyi-8

Iincwadi nge-roulette: uluhlu lokufunda

Iincwadi namaphepha e-roulette le sayithi esekelwe kuwo, angamashumi amabini anesibini, ukusuka kwisincoko sika-1657 ngokulindelekileyo ukuya kwincwadi yokufunda yowama-2025, kunye nesivakalisi esinye ngokubaluleka kwayo nganye.

Impendulo emfutshane

Izibalo (Huygens, Bernoulli, Halmos, Feller, Thorp, Epstein, Ethier, kunye neencwadi zokufunda zakutsha nje zikaBollman, Taylor noHunacek), imbali (Lablée, Barnhart, Schwartz, Kavanagh, Marcus, Goldman), ifiziksi (Bass, Small & Tse) kunye nenoveli enye engcono kunazo zonke (Dostoevsky). Yonke into ekule sayithi isekelwe kweli shelufu.

endala kakhulu
Huygens, 1657
entsha kakhulu
Hunacek, 2025
eyona ncwadi inye ingcono
Ethier, 2010
eyona noveli ingcono
The Gambler, 1866

Izibalo

umsebenziunyakakutheni uyifunda
Huygens, De Ratiociniis in Ludo Aleae1657inkcazo yokuqala eprintiweyo yokulindelekileyo; apho i-EV ivela khona
Bernoulli, Ars Conjectandi1713umthetho wamanani amakhulu, ongaqondwayo ziinkqubo
Halmos, “Invariants of certain stochastic transformations”1939ubungqina bokuqala ngokubanzi bokuba akukho nkqubo yokubheja itshintsha isiphumo esilindelekileyo
Feller, An Introduction to Probability Theory, vol. 11968ukuphelelwa yimali komngcakazi, ukuhamba okungacwangciswanga, uthotho; isalathiso esiqhelekileyo
Thorp, “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games”1969xa iinkqubo zokubheja zinokunceda (kumdlalo onenzuzo kuphela) kunye neemeko ezingasemva kwesiphumo sokuba akukho nkqubo
Thorp, The Mathematics of Gambling1984ikhompyutha ye-roulette ichazwa ngumyili wayo, nezibalo zokuba ubheje malini kwinzuzo
Epstein, The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic2013 (uhlelo lwe-2)yonke imidlalo yekhasino ihlalutyiwe; i-roulette kumxholo
Ethier, The Doctrine of Chances2010eyona nkcazo yezibalo ipheleleyo ye-roulette eprintiweyo
Bollman, Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games2021iibheji ezisecaleni, amavili angaqhelekanga ne-roulette yamakhadi zixatyiswe nganye nganye, kunye nemithambo
Taylor, Games, Gambling, and Probability2021 (uhlelo lwe-2)uthotho, ukubheja nge-Kelly nokuphelelwa yimali komngcakazi kusetyenzwe njengekhosi
Bollman, Basic Gambling Mathematics2024 (uhlelo lwe-2)izibonelelo neembuyekezo zekhasino, nendlela ibhodi yeziphumo ezihlawulela ngayo ngokukhawuleza kwikhasino
Hunacek, Quantitative Literacy Through Games and Gambling2025ikhosi yokuqala elula; hlola ibango layo lokuba yonke ibheji inexabiso elilindelekileyo elifanayo, eliphulwa yibheji yamanani amahlanu

Imbali

umsebenziunyakakutheni uyifunda
Lablée, La Roulette, ou le Jour1801inkcazo yokuqala epheleleyo yomdlalo, kwinoveli
Barnhart, Beating the Wheel1983imbali yokudlala ngokuthambekela: uJagger, abandulela ooPelayo, iindlela
Schwartz, Roll the Bones2006imbali ngokubanzi yokungcakaza; indawo ye-roulette kuyo
Kavanagh, Dice, Cards, Wheels2005inkcubeko yokungcakaza yaseFransi; iPalais-Royal neendawo zemithombo
Marcus, American Roulette2003i-past-posting ichazwa ngaphakathi ngoyena mntu waziwayo owayeyenza
Goldman, Great Gambling Scams2007uLeigh eNice, uMarcus neRitz baphinda baxelwa; inomdla, kwaye iphazama kwiinyani ezininzi (jonga Ukukopela kwi-roulette)

Ifiziksi nokudlala ngenzuzo

umsebenziunyakakutheni uyifunda
Bass, The Eudaemonic Pie1985ibali lekhompyutha esezihlangwini; eyona ncwadi idumileyo ingcono ngefiziksi ye-roulette
Small & Tse, “Predicting the outcome of roulette”2012ifiziksi yokuqikelela, ilinganisiwe; oko kufunwa yinzuzo
Pearson, “On the criterion…”1900uvavanyo lwe-chi-square, lubonisiwe kwimijikelo ye-roulette

Ifiziksi yevili le-roulette

Inoveli

UDostoevsky, The Gambler (1866). Yabhalwa ngeentsuku ezingama-26 ukuze kufezekiswe umhla wokugqibela wesivumelwano somshicileli, ngumbhali owayetshone ematyaleni ngenxa ye-roulette; impazamo yomngcakazi, inkqubo, umkhuba onyanzelayo nekhasino yedolophu yemithombo ukusuka ngaphakathi. Imfutshane kunayo nayiphi na incwadi ye-roulette engentla kwaye iyinyani ngakumbi kununinzi.

IBad Homburg kunye neekhasino zeedolophu zemithomboIRoulettenburg kaDostoevsky

Ezona ncwadi ze-roulette zingcono kwinjongo nganye

Ngezibalo, uEthier emva koko uFeller. Ngamabali, uBarnhart noBass. Ngesizathu sokuba abantu badlale nangona kunjalo, uDostoevsky. Ngobungqina obuphelisa yonke ingxoxo yenkqubo, uHalmos, kwaye ngesiphumo esifanayo ngamazwi alula, incwadi kaThorp yowe-1984. Ngemithambo, uTaylor okanye uBollman. Ibhokisi yeMithombo kwinqaku ngalinye kule sayithi icaphula kweli shelufu.

Imibuzo

Ingaba zikhona iincwadi ezilungileyo zezicwangciso ze-roulette?

Akukho nanye ethengisa inkqubo. Incwadi kaThorp yowe-1984 inesahluko esifutshane ngesizathu sokuba zisilele; uEpstein noEthier bachaza imo yenye nenye.

Ndingabafunda phi uPearson okanye uHuygens?

Bobabini abasekho phantsi kwelungelo lokushicilela kwaye bakwi-intanethi. UPearson unzima; uHuygens umfutshane kwaye uyafundeka ngendlela emangalisayo kwinguqulelo.

Uncumo

Yonke into ekule sayithi ngumbhalo osezantsi weli shelufu.

Yonke into ekule sayithi ngumbhalo osezantsi weli shelufu.

Imithombo

  1. Ethier, S. N. The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling. Springer, 2010. Isahluko 13, i-roulette.
  2. Feller, W. An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications, Vol. 1. Wiley, uhlelo lwe-3, 1968. Gambler’s ruin, isahluko XIV.
  3. Halmos, P. R. “Invariants of certain stochastic transformations: the mathematical theory of gambling systems.” Duke Mathematical Journal 5(2), 1939.
  4. Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.” Review of the International Statistical Institute 37(3), 1969.
  5. Thorp, E. O. The Mathematics of Gambling. Gambling Times / Lyle Stuart, 1984.
  6. Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie. Houghton Mifflin, 1985.
  7. Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel. Lyle Stuart, 1983.
  8. Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette. CRC Press, 2021. Isahluko 2, i-roulette.
  9. Bollman, M. Basic Gambling Mathematics: The Numbers Behind the Neon, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2024.
  10. Taylor, D. G. Games, Gambling, and Probability: An Introduction to Mathematics, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2021.
  11. Hunacek, M. Quantitative Literacy Through Games and Gambling. Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2025.
  12. Marcus, R. American Roulette: How I Turned the Odds Upside Down. St. Martin’s Press, 2003.
  13. Goldman, N. Great Gambling Scams. John Blake, 2007.
Malunga nathiImithomboImbali neNkcubekoI-roulette kuncwadiImbali neNkcubekoImbali yeenkqubo ze-rouletteImbali neNkcubekoThe Eudaemons
ihlolwe ngo-2026-09-28imodeli: yaseYurophu, iqanda elinyeindlela yokusebenza ↗imithombo ↗