Ungayoyisa i-roulette? Indlela yokuphumelela kwi-roulette
Ungaphumelela njani kwi-roulette? Hayi ngepateni yokubheja. Mhlawumbi, ngokwembali, ngevili elinesiphene okanye umqhubi oqikelelekayo, kwaye kuphela ngomzamo omkhulu kakhulu.
Iinkqubo zokubheja azinakoyisa i-roulette: amaxabiso alindelekileyoizibaloIxabiso elilindelekileyoIsiphumo esiphakathi kwibheji nganye ekuhambeni kwexesha elide. −1/37 yebheji kuyo yonke ibheji eqhelekileyo yaseYurophu.Funda yonke → ayadityaniswa kwaye yonke ibheji ilahlekisa. Ekuphela kweempumelelo ezibhaliweyo zavela ekusebenziseni ifiziksi, hayi iipateni.
Kutheni iinkqubo zisilela
Yonke ibheji ine-EV = −1/37 webheji yayo. Naluphi na uthotho lweebheji, nokuba lukhethwe njani kwiziphumo zangaphambili, lune-EV = −1/37 wesixa esipheleleyo esibhejiweyo. Le yithiyori malunga nezimbuku zezinto eziguquguqukayo ngokungacwangciswanga, hayi into eqatshelweyo enokubhukuqwa yinkqubo engcono. U-Joseph Doob no-Paul Halmos bayingqina ngeminyaka yee-1930, kwaye u-Edward Thorp, owoyisa i-blackjack ngokubala amakhadi, wachaza imiqathango eyifunayo: yonke ibheji ilahlekisa, imijikelo ezimeleyoizibaloImijikelo ezimeleyoUmjikelo ngamnye unamathuba afanayo nokuba imbali injani na. Isiseko sazo zonke izibalo kule sayithi.Funda yonke →, umda uphezulu wetafile nobuncinci betafile. Incwadi yakhe yokufunda yowe-1966 inika ubungqina obulula.
Oko kwakha kwasebenza
Izinto ezintathu, zonke zibandakanya ivili lenene. Ukuthambekela: ivili izikhewuizixhoboIsikhewuEsinye sezikhewu ezingama-37 ezinamanani kwirotha. Kwakhona: slot, cup.Funda yonke → zalo ezingenamathuba alinganayo, elifunyanwa ngokurekhoda amawaka emijikelo. Uqikelelo: ukulinganisa ixesha lebholaizixhoboIbholaIbhola encinci ephoswa emzileni ngokuchasene nerotha. Iibhola zanamhlanje zenziwe nge-ivorine okanye nge-Teflon, zi-18–21 mm.Funda yonke → nelerothaizixhoboIrothaInxalenye ejikelezayo yevili ethwele izikhewu.Funda yonke → ukuze kuqikelelwe icandeloiviliIcandeloIsiqwenga esiqhubekayo sezikhewu evilini, esahlukileyo kwiqela elikwibhodi yokubheja.Funda yonke → lokuwa, okwenziwa ngeekhompyutha ezifihliweyo ukusukela ngeminyaka yee-1970. Uphawu lomqhubi: ingcinga yokuba ukukhulula komqhubi akuguquguquki ngokwaneleyo ukuba kuqikelele ukuwa, engazange iboniswe ngokukholisayo. Zontathu zifuna ivili lenene, ukuqwalasela ixesha elide nekhasino engaqaphelanga.
U-Joseph Jagger urekhodisa amavili eMonte Carlo, ufumana amanani avela kakhulu, kwaye uphumelela kakhulu de ikhasino ihambise amavili ayo ize iwatshintshe.
U-Charles Wells “waphula ibhanki” ngethamsanqa elingaqhelekanga nenkqubo angazange ayicacise. Ubuya ngobo busika aze alahlekelwe yinxalenye yayo.
U-Edward Thorp no-Claude Shannon bakha ikhompyutha yokuqala enxitywayo yokulinganisa ixesha lebhola ye-roulette. Izixhobo zisebenza ngamaxesha athile; iprojekthi iyayekwa.
Ii-Eudaemons zaseSanta Cruz zisebenzisa iikhompyutha ezifihliweyo kwiikhasino zaseNevada. Inzuzo yokwenyani, ii-elektroniki ezingathembekanga, akukho butyebi.
U-Gonzalo García-Pelayo nentsapho yakhe barekhoda malunga nemijikelo engama-5,000 kwivili ngalinye kufutshane neMadrid, bafumana amavili athambekileyo, bayaphumelela, bayavalelwa, kwaye babona ukuvalwa kwabo kubhukuqwa enkundleni.
Abadlali abathathu baphumelela i-£1.3 yezigidi eRitz eLondon ngokuqikelela ukuwa kwebhola. Kwaxelwa ngelaser kodwa ayizange iboniswe ukuba yayikhona; bagcina imali abayiphumeleleyo.
U-Small no-Tse bapapasha iphepha lefiziksi elibonisa ukuba inzuzo yeepesenti ezimbalwa iyafikeleleka ngokulinganisa ixesha phantsi kweemeko zelebhu.
Kutheni kungasasebenzi
Iikhasino zijikelezisa iintloko zeviliizixhoboIntloko yeviliIgama elifanayo nerotha: inxalenye ejikelezayo ethwele amanani.Funda yonke → phakathi kwezitya zeviliizixhoboIsitya seviliInxalenye yangaphandle yevili engashukumiyo: umphetho womthi okanye wento edityanisiweyo ogcina umzila webhola ne-apron, ngaphakathi kwawo kujikeleza irotha.Funda yonke →, zilinganisa izitya, zilinganisa izikhewu kwaye zitshintsha izahluliizixhoboIsahluliIsahluli sentsimbi phakathi kwezikhewu ezimbini evilini.Funda yonke → ngokwecwangciso, nto leyo eyoyisa ukuthambekela. Izitudiyo ezibukhoma zivala ukubheja phambi kokuba ibhola icothe kwaye zimisela ukulibaziseka komsasazo, nto leyo eyoyisa ukulinganisa ixesha. Uninzi lwemimandla yolawulo lwenza izixhobo zoqikelelo zibe lulwaphulo-mthetho. Abaqhubi bayalelwa ukuba bahlukahlukanise ukukhulula kwabo. Impendulo enyanisekileyo kwivili lanamhlanje eligcinwayo kwikhasino okanye kwisitudiyo esinelayisensi ithi hayi.
Indlela yokoyisa i-roulette, ngokwethiyori kuphela: oko bekuya kufuneka
Makhe sithi isikhewu sibetha ku-1 kwangama-33 endaweni yo-1 kwangama-37. Ibheji yenani elinyeibhejiInani elinyeInani elinye, ihlawula u-35:1.Funda yonke → kuso ine-EV = 35/33 − 32/33 = +3/33 ≈ +9%. Ukuze wazi ukuba isikhewu sithambekile kunokuba sinethamsanqa ufuna malunga nemijikelo erekhodiweyo eli-10,000 evela kwelo vili lithile; ukuze ukusebenzise ufuna ivili lihlale lingatshintshi ngelixa ulibheja. Amaphepha eLebhu acacisa izibalo-manani; amaphepha embali achaza oko kwenzeka kubantu abakwenzayo.
Impendulo enyanisekileyo
Kumfundi onenkqubo: ayizukusebenza, kwaye ungakuqinisekisa oko ngezilinganisi ezikule sayithi ngemva kwemini enye. Kumfundi oneencwadi zokubhala nomonde: ukuthambekela kukhona ngokwethiyori kwaye kuyasuswa ngobunjineli ekusebenzeni. Kumntu wonke: i-roulette kukuthenga. Hlawula ixabiso owonwabileyo ngalo, ngesantya osikhethayo, kwivili leqandaiviliIqandaIsikhewu esinye esiluhlaza esingagubungelwa yibheji yemali elinganayo, yedazini okanye yekholamu; umthombo wenzuzo yekhasino. Kwakhona: iqanda elinye, 0.Funda yonke → elinye ne-la partageumthethoLa partageUmthetho wesiFrentshi: xa kuphuma iqanda, isiqingatha sebheji yemali elinganayo siyabuyiswa. Sisika inzuzo yekhasino kwezo bheji ibe sisiqingatha, yi-1.35%.Funda yonke → ukuba unokuyifumana.
Imibuzo
Hayi. “Abaphumeleli” beenkqubo abadumileyo abafana no-Charles Wells baphumelela ngethamsanqa kwaye balahlekelwa yinxalenye yayo.
Ngokwethiyori. Kwikhasino yanamhlanje okanye kwisitudiyo kungabonwa kwaye kulungiswe phambi kokuba ube nedatha eyaneleyo yokukusebenzisa.
Hayi kwimimandla yolawulo emininzi, kwaye azinakusetyenziswa ngokuchasene neetafile ezibukhoma ezivala ukubheja phambi kokuba ibhola icothe.
Uncumo
Ifiziksi, hayi iipateni. Kwaye hayi kwakhona.
Imithombo
- RouletteDoc. Isishwankathelo sezicwangciso ze-roulette.
- Roulette77. Isishwankathelo sezicwangciso ze-roulette.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Thorp, E. O. Elementary Probability.
- Doob, J. L. “Note on probability.”
- Halmos, P. R. “Invariants of certain stochastic transformations: the mathematical theory of gambling systems.”
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Small, M. & Tse, C. K. “Predicting the outcome of roulette.”
- Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel.
- Chellel, K. “The Gambler Who Beat Roulette.”