IRoulettenburg kaDostoevsky
I-The Gambler (1866): eyona ncwadi ingcono nge-roulette, eyabhalwa yindoda eyayilahlekelwa kuyo, ngeentsuku ezingamashumi amabini anesithandathu.
UDostoevsky wayithetha i-The Gambler ibhalwa ukuze ahlawule amatyala awayeqokelele kwiitafile zaseWiesbaden naseHomburg. Umbalisi wayo uAlexei uchaza ikhasino yomthombo wamanzi, iinkqubo, ukuqiniseka kokuba uthotho kufuneka luphele kunye nemvakalelo yempumelelo njengokuqonda, ngokuchaneka akukho ngcali yezibalo iye yakuphucula.
Iimeko
Ngo-1866 uDostoevsky wayematyala kumpapashi ngenoveli ngomhla we-1 Novemba okanye aphulukane namalungelo emisebenzi yakhe iminyaka elithoba. Wayelahlekelwe kakhulu kwi-roulette kwiidolophu zemithombo yamanzi zaseJamani ngo-1863 nango-1865, ebambisa izinto zakhe nobucwebe bomfazi wakhe. Waqesha umbhali wesandla esifutshane, uAnna Snitkina, waza wayithetha i-The Gambler ibhalwa phakathi kwe-4 ne-29 Okthobha, egqiba kusele iintsuku. Watshata noAnna kunyaka olandelayo. Waqhubeka engcakaza de kwangowe-1871, emva koko wayeka ngokupheleleyo.
IRoulettenburg
Idolophu yiWiesbaden, iHomburg neBaden-Baden zidityanisiwe: iKurhaus, indlela yokuhamba, intsapho yaseRashiya ephila ngetyala ngelixa ilinde ukuba umakhulu afe. Imiboniso yekhasino ichanile. UAlexei uchaza izibhengezo zee-croupierabantuCroupierUmqhubi kwitafile ye-roulette.Funda yonke →, ibhodi yokubhejaizixhoboIbhodi yokubhejaIgridi yokubheja eshicilelwe etafileni. Kwakhona: itafile, ilaphu.Funda yonke →, iibheji, isihlwele etafileni, “iinkqubo” abadlali abazilandelayo neencwadi zamanqaku, kunye nendlela abadlali abathetha ngayo ngamanani ngokungathi anenjongo. Yonke inkcukacha iyahambelana namaphepha e-roulette kule sayithi; incwadi ingumthombo ophambili.
Umakhulu
Owona mboniso mkhulu wenoveli: uAntonida Vasilievna, umakhulu osisityebi ukufa kwakhe okulindwe yintsapho, ufika eRoulettenburg ngesitulo esithwalwayo, aqhutyelwe etafileni, abheje kwiqandaiviliIqandaIsikhewu esinye esiluhlaza esingagubungelwa yibheji yemali elinganayo, yedazini okanye yekholamu; umthombo wenzuzo yekhasino. Kwakhona: iqanda elinye, 0.Funda yonke → kuba exelelwe ukuba lihlawula u-35 ku-1, aze aliphumelele. Uphinda abheje kwiqanda. Naphinda. Kwiintsuku ezimbini uphulukene noninzi lobutyebi bakhe, enyanzelisa iqanda, eqinisekile ukuba kufuneka liphume, ngelixa izalamane zakhe zibukele ilifa labo lihamba ngaphesheya kwetafile ibheji yenani elinyeibhejiInani elinyeInani elinye, ihlawula u-35:1.Funda yonke → ngexesha. Yeyona ngxelo yentsomi ingcono yoko kwenziwa yibheji ye-1/37 kumntu oyibonileyo iphumelela kanye.
Impumelelo kaAlexei
Ngasekupheleni kwencwadi uAlexei uphumelela amawaka angamakhulu amabini eefranc ngobusuku obunye, ikakhulu kobomvuibhejiObomvuIbheji yemali elinganayo kumanani ali-18 abomvu. NgesiFrentshi: rouge.Funda yonke → nakwiibheji zenani elinye, kuthotho lweebheji ezichazwa umjikelo ngomjikelo. Uziva, ngelo xesha, ukuba uqonde into ethile: ukuba angalilawula ivili ngentando. Impumelelo iyachithwa iphele kumaphepha ambalwa. Incwadi iyaqonda ukuba impumelelo yayiyeyona nto imbi eyayinokwenzeka kuye, nto leyo eyimbono yonyango kwinkulungwane ngaphambi kokuba kubekho iklinikhi.
Uhambo lokuqala oluya kwiidolophu zemithombo yamanzi; uyaphumelela, emva koko alahlekelwe kakhulu eWiesbaden.
EWiesbaden kwakhona; ulahlekelwa yonke into; ubhala iileta zokucenga; i-Crime and Punishment ibhalwa ngokuyinxenye ekule meko.
Uthetha i-The Gambler ibhalwa kwiintsuku ezingama-26 ukuze ahlangabezane nesivumelwano.
Utshata noAnna Snitkina; baya phesheya; ungcakaza eHomburg, eBaden-Baden naseSaxon-les-Bains, elahlekelwa kaninzi.
Ukungcakaza kokugqibela okubhaliweyo, eWiesbaden. Ubhalela uAnna ukuba kuphelile. Kunjalo.
Iikhasino zaseJamani ziyavalwa. I-The Gambler iphila ixesha elide kuneetafile eyichazayo.
Kutheni iyeyona ncwadi ingcono nge-roulette
Kuba ayicacisi nto kwaye ichanile kuyo yonke into. Amaphepha ezibalo kule sayithi athi imijikelo izimele, ukuba iinkqubo ziguqula iiseshoni hayi okulindelekileyo, ukuba impumelelo kukwahlukaizibaloUkwahlukaUmlinganiselo wokuba iziphumo zisasazeke kangakanani zijikeleze ixabiso elilindelekileyo. Kuphezulu kwibheji yenani elinye, kuphantsi kwiibheji zemali elinganayo.Funda yonke → kwaye iziva njengobuchule. UDostoevsky ubonisa indoda ekholelwa okuchaseneyo nganye kwezo, ngokulandelelana, ukusuka ngaphakathi, kwaye wenza umfundi ayive inkolelo. Izibalo zikuxelela oko kuyinyani; inoveli ikuxelela ukuba kutheni oko kunganelanga.
Imibuzo
Wayekholelwa ekuzoleni: ukuba umdlali ozolileyo akanakulahlekelwa. Yinkohliso yokulawula, kwaye wayichaza ngcono kunabani na ngelixa enayo.
Idityanisiwe. IWiesbaden yeyona modeli iphambili.
Imfutshane: ngokuhlwa okude. Yifunde ngaphambi kweseshoni yakho elandelayo, hayi emva koko.
Uncumo
Wayichaza ngokugqibeleleyo impazamo ngelixa eyikholelwa. Yiyo leyo incwadi.
Imithombo
- Dostoevsky, F. The Gambler.
- Frank, J. Dostoevsky: The Miraculous Years, 1865–1871.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.