Umzekelo: emva kwemini ye-D’Alembert
Iyunithi enye phezulu emva kwelahleko, iyunithi enye phantsi emva kwempumelelo, obomvu kumjikelo ngamnye kwikhulu lemijikelo. Eyona nkqubo ithambileyo, kwaye ukuthamba kubiza malini.
Iseshoni elinganisiweyo ye-D’Alembert yemijikelo eli-100 nge-$5 kwiyunithi nganye. Ibheji yabuyela kwi-$5 kahlanu, yenyuka kancinci ukuya kwi-$80 ngexesha elibi, yaza yaphela kwi-$55 iseshoni ihle nge-$40. Inkqubo eziva ngathi ilungelelaniso kodwa ayikho.
Hamba ngenkqubo
Ilahleko inyusa inyathelo elinye. Ukuphumelela kubuyisela umva inyathelo elinye.
Iibheji neziphumo zikwiiyunithi zebheji yesiseko.
Isicwangciso
Qala ngeyunithiimaliIyunithiIbheji esisiseko esetyenziswa yinkqubo okanye ngumdlali. Ukunyuswa kweebheji kuchazwa ngeeyunithi ukuze kusebenze kuyo nayiphi na itafile.Funda yonke → enye, i-$5, kobomvuibhejiObomvuIbheji yemali elinganayo kumanani ali-18 abomvu. NgesiFrentshi: rouge.Funda yonke →. Emva kwelahleko yongeza iyunithi; emva kwempumelelo susa enye, ungaze wehle ngaphantsi kwenye. Ithiyori, uD’Alembert angazange ayiphakamise kodwa ayityholwayo, kukuba iimpumelelo neelahleko ziyalingana, ngoko kwisibini ngasinye selahleko enye nempumelelo enye siphambili ngeyunithi. Izibalo zithi obomvu uphumelela kwi-48.65% yemijikelo, ngoko iilahleko zingaphezulu kwempumelelo malunga nenye kumashumi amane, kwaye ibheji iyenyuka kancinci ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Imijikelo 1–30
Abomvu alishumi elinesine, amnyamaibhejiOmnyamaIbheji yemali elinganayo kumanani ali-18 amnyama. NgesiFrentshi: noir.Funda yonke → alishumi elinesihlanu, iqandaiviliIqandaIsikhewu esinye esiluhlaza esingagubungelwa yibheji yemali elinganayo, yedazini okanye yekholamu; umthombo wenzuzo yekhasino. Kwakhona: iqanda elinye, 0.Funda yonke → elinye. Ibheji yenyuka yaya kwi-$20 ngexesha lothotho lweelahleko ezintathu, yabuyela kwi-$5 kumjikelo we-18, yaza yenyuka yaya kwi-$25 ekupheleni kweli candelo. Isiphumo +$20. Isibini ngasinye selahleko nempumelelo sizuze iyunithi njengoko kuthenjisiwe; iilahleko ezongezelelweyo zazitya. Kuziva ngathi yimpompo ecothayo esebenza ubukhulu becala.
Imijikelo 31–65
Ixesha elibi. Abomvu alishumi elinesithathu xa kuthelekiswa nabangengobomvu abangamashumi amabini anesibini, kuquka uthotho lweelahleko ezisixhenxe. Ukusuka kwi-$5 kumjikelo wama-41 ibheji yenyuka iyunithi enye ngexesha ukuya kwi-$80, kwaye ilahleko nganye ye-$75 yacima ishumi elinesihlanu leempumelelo zangaphambili ze-$5. Isiphumo −$485 kweli candelo; ukuza kuthi ga ngoku −$465. Akukho nto imangalisayo yenzekayo kumjikelo omnye; kukunyuka kancinci okwenze oko.
- p10 −$500
- p25 −$500
- umbindi −$500
- p75 −$500
- p90 +$885
Imijikelo 66–100
Abomvu angamashumi amabini xa kuthelekiswa nabangengobomvu abalishumi elinesihlanu, ibheji ibuyela umva ukusuka kwi-$80 ukuya kwi-$55 ngamanyathelo e-$5. Impumelelo nganye kwibheji ephezulu ibuyise imali yokwenyani: impumelelo ye-$75 emva kwelahleko ye-$70 sisibini esizuza +$5, kodwa isibini sikhulu. Isiphumo +$425 kweli candelo; ekugqibeleni −$40.
Iiakhawunti
Ibheji ephakathi imalunga ne-$37, ngoko isixa esipheleleyo esibhejiweyo simalunga ne-$3,670 xa kuthelekiswa ne-$500 yomdlali obheja i-$5 ngokulinganayo. Ilahleko elindelekileyoizibaloIlahleko elindelekileyoIxabiso elilindelekileyo liphindwe ngesixa esipheleleyo esibhejiweyo; isixa esiphakathi esilahlekayo kwiseshoni okanye kwixesha elithile.Funda yonke → kwi-$3,670 yi-$99; eyokwenyani −$40, ngaphantsi kokutenxa okuqhelekileyo (standard deviation)izibaloUkutenxa okuqhelekileyo (standard deviation)Ingcambu yesikwere yokwahluka; umgama oqhelekileyo wesiphumo ukusuka kwixabiso elilindelekileyo.Funda yonke → okunye. Ukunyuka kancinci kobukhulu bebheji yiyo yonke impembelelo yenkqubo: imali eninzi etafileni, i-2.70% efanayo kwidola nganye, nokusasazeka okubanzi kweziphumo.
Oko kubonakaliswa yile seshoni
I-D’Alembert yimpazamo yomngcakazi ebhalwe njengomthetho wokubheja: icinga ukuba iimpumelelo neelahleko ziya kulingana kwangoko ngokwaneleyo ukuze ibheji yehle kwakhona. Ziyalingana ekuhambeni kwexesha elide ngokuxutywa, hayi ngokulungiswa, kwaye ibheji ayinasizathu sokubuyela kwiyunithi enye. Yinkqubo ecothayo engenawo umwonyo, kwaye ukucotha kwayo kuko okwenza abadlali bayikholelwe.
Ukusondela ngokuhamba kwexesha: umthetho wamanani amakhulu kwi-roulette
Imibuzo
Kunqabile. Ibheji ikhula ngeyunithi enye kwilahleko nganye, ingaphindaphindwa kabini, ngoko kufuneka uthotho olude kakhulu olubi ukufikelela kumda.
Ewe, kwaye umda uyiguqula ibe kukubheja ngokulinganayoisicwangcisoUkubheja ngokulinganayoUkubheja isixa esifanayo kuwo wonke umjikelo. Isiseko apho konke ukunyuswa kweebheji kuthelekiswa khona.Funda yonke → kumda emva kothotho olubi. Nawuphi na umda ulungile; akukho nanye etshintsha inzuzo yekhasino.
Ngo-1754 waxoxa ukuba umsila unamathuba amakhulu emva kothotho lweentloko. Abangcakazi ababevumelana naye bayithiya inkqubo ngaye. Ngewayeneentloni.
Uncumo
Eyona nkqubo ithambileyo. Inyuka kancinci endaweni yokuwela emweni.
Imithombo
- d’Alembert, J. “Croix ou pile.”
- Ethier, S. N. The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling.