Gonzalo García-Pelayo: inkqubo ye-roulette
Umvelisi weerekhodi, intsapho yababhali-manqaku, kunye neNkundla ePhakamileyo eyaxelela ikhasino ukuba ihoye amavili ayo.
UGonzalo García-Pelayo (wazalwa ngo-1947), umvelisi weerekhodi nomlawuli weefilimu waseSpeyin, wakhokela iqela lentsapho elathi ukususela ekupheleni kowe-1991 labhala malunga nemijikelo engama-5,000 kwivili ngalinye kwi-Casino Gran Madrid laza labheja kwizikhewu ezazihamba phambili. Uthi imali abayiphumeleleyo yayiziipesetas ezizigidi ezingama-200 ukuya kuma-250 kwiikhasino eziliqela. Ikhasino yayithintela intsapho, urhulumente wasibhukuqa isithintelo, kwaye ngo-2004 iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaxhasa abadlali.
Ngaphambi kwekhasino
UGonzalo García-Pelayo wazalelwa eMadrid nge-25 Juni 1947 waza wakhulela e-Andalusia, eJerez naseSeville. Walawula iifilimu, phakathi kwazo iManuela (1976) neVivir en Sevilla (1978), kwaye ngo-1974 waseka ileyibhile yeerekhodi iGong, apho wavelisa iTriana, iLole y Manuel noMaría Jiménez. Ngokokubala kwakhe wavelisa malunga neerekhodi ezili-150. Akayongcali yezibalo, nokuba amanye amaphephandaba abhala ntoni: waxelela iphephandaba loshishino iCinco Días ngo-2004 ukuba wayenezibalo zesikolo kuphela kunye nencwadi enye okanye ezimbini ngamathubaizibaloAmathubaIthuba lesiphumo, ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-1 okanye ku-0% ukuya ku-100%. Inani elinye: 1/37 = 2.70%.Funda yonke →. Ingcamango yokufunda i-roulette yafika kuye, utsho, emva kokulahlekelwa kwi-blackjack.
Iqela
Inkqubo ye-roulette yentsapho yakwaPelayo yayifuna abantu abaninzi, kwaye abadlali yayizizalamane zakhe. Isayithi yakhe ibiza unyana wakhe uIván, intombi yakhe uVanessa kunye nabatshana bakhe uChristian noMarcos; ezinye iingxelo zongeza abatshana uGuillermo noJaime. Abantu abathandathu babequkiwe kwisithintelo sekhasino, kwaye ngokwengxelo yakhe yamva iqela lakhula laya kutsho kwishumi elinababini, nezinye izalamane nabahlobo abambalwa abasondeleyo. Bazibiza ngokuba yi-flotilla (iqela leenqanawa).
Umsebenzi wawahlulwe. Abanye babehlala evilini babhale phantsi amanani; xa begqibile bahamba kwaye kungena ubuso obutsha ukuze bubheje, ukuze ikhasino ingabadibanisi bobabini. Wayengafane abeke ibheji ngokwakhe. Abanye babedlala baze bamfowunele isiphumo. Kamva basebenzisa abahlobo ababengaziwa ziikhasino, ababebabiza ngokuba ziinkwili (submarines).
Indlela, ngamazwi akhe
Isiqalo senkqubo ye-roulette kaGonzalo García-Pelayo kukuba akukho matshini ugqibeleleyo: ukuba iiwotshi zaseSwitzerland neerokhethi ze-NASA azigqibelelanga, nevili le-roulette alinjalo, kwaye ezinye izikhewuizixhoboIsikhewuEsinye sezikhewu ezingama-37 ezinamanani kwirotha. Kwakhona: slot, cup.Funda yonke → kufuneka ziphumelele kancinci rhoqo ngaphezu kwezinye. Ekuqaleni wayekrokrela ukuphosa kwe-croupierabantuCroupierUmqhubi kwitafile ye-roulette.Funda yonke →; amanani abonisa ukuba unobangela yayilivili.
Ivili ngalinye labhalwa malunga nemijikelo engama-5,000 ngaphambi kokuba nabani na abheje kulo (uIván uthe ngama-6,000), nto leyo eyathatha malunga neentsuku ezilishumi elinesihlanu kwiiyure ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo ngosuku. Ababhali bafunda nempawu zevili, ukuya kutsho kowona mkrwelo mncinci, ukuze lifunyanwe kwakhona ukuba lithe lasuswa.
Ubala ngee-“positives”. Inani eliphuma kanye kwimijikelo engama-36 liyalingana kwi-35 ku-1, ngoko alifumani nto; yonke impumelelo engaphezu koko yi-positive enye. Emva koko uthelekisa ii-positives zevili nezo zivelisa amavili angakhethiyo kumlinganiso wekhompyutha, esebenzisa inkqubo ayibhala ngokwakhe. Njengoko umphononongi wencwadi yentsapho exela, kukho imida emibini: omnye i-95% yamavili alinganisiweyo angakhethiyo ahlala ngaphantsi kwawo, kunye nomda oqinileyo i-99.95% ehlala ngaphantsi kwawo. Ivili elingaphaya komda oqinileyo, kuye, ngokuqinisekileyo lithambekile.
Ngokwamanani akhe ivili elithambekileyoilebhuIvili elithambekileyoIvili elineziphene ezenza ezinye izikhewu zibe namathuba angaphezulu kwe-1/37. Alifumaneki lula, linokubonwa kuphela ngamawaka emijikelo erekhodiweyo.Funda yonke → lalinamanani aphakathi kwesithoba neshumi elinambini ahamba phambili. Esona sikhewu sasisihle awakhe wasifumana saphumelela kanye kwimijikelo engama-28, nantoni na engcono kunokanye kwimijikelo engama-35 yayifanele ibheji, kwaye umxube wanika inzuzo emalunga ne-6%. Onke la manani ngawakhe; akukho khasino okanye mlawuli opapashe nawaphi na.
Kutheni imijikelo engama-5,000, kwaye kutheni ivili lonke
Kwimijikelo engama-5,000 isikhewu esingakhethiyo siphuma malunga nezihlandlo eziyi-135, ngokongeza okanye ngokuthabatha ezili-11. Isikhewu esiphumelela ngokwenene kanye kwimijikelo engama-28 siphuma malunga nezihlandlo eziyi-179, phantse ezo “ngokongeza okanye ngokuthabatha” zine ngaphambili; ithamsanqa alikwenzi oko, kwaye isikhewu sinesiphene ngokucacileyo.
Isikhewu esiphumelela kanye kwimijikelo engama-33 yinto eyahlukileyo. Sinokunika umbheji i-9%, kwaye kwimijikelo engama-5,000 siphuma malunga nezihlandlo eziyi-152, kuphela “ngokongeza okanye ngokuthabatha” enye enesiqingatha ngaphambili. Kwivili elingakhethiyo ngokugqibeleleyo izikhewu ezibini okanye ezintathu kwezingama-37 ziya kuba ngaphambili ngolo hlobo ngethamsanqa kuphela. Ukukhetha inani elikhokelayo emva kwemijikelo engama-5,000 ngoko ke akwanele. Ivili lonke kufuneka livavanywe ngokuchasene noko kwenziwa ngamavili angakhethiyo, nto leyo eyenzelwa yona imida elinganisiweyo, kwaye leyo yenziwa luvavanyo lwe-chi-squareilebhuUvavanyo lwe-chi-squareUvavanyo lwezibalo-manani oluthelekisa ukuphuma okubonwayo kwisikhewu ngasinye nokulindelekileyo u-n/37. Lusetyenziselwa ukugweba ukuba ivili lithambekile na.Funda yonke → ephepheni.
Imali
Intsapho kuphela komthombo wemali abayiphumeleleyo, kwaye amanani ayahluka. Isixa siphela sesona sizinzileyo: phakathi kwezigidi ezingama-200 nezingama-250 zeepesetas kuzo zonke iikhasino, eziyi-1.2 ukuya ku-1.5 yezigidi zee-euro. Kwi-Casino Gran Madrid yodwa, iingxelo ezahlukeneyo zinika nantoni na ukusuka kwizigidi ezingama-70 zeepesetas ukuya ngaphezu kwesigidi see-euro. Ikhasino yaxelela ingxelo yowama-2000 ukuba yayingenayo irekhodi yesi sixa. Uthi baqala malunga nee-euro ezi-1,800 kwaye bakhe balahlekelwa zii-euro ezingama-60,000 ngosuku olunye.
Intsapho yadlala nakwezinye iindawo, ngokwengxelo yakhe: eBarcelona, eVienna, e-Amsterdam, eCopenhagen. ILas Vegas yayilinge lokugqibela kwaye yahlawula kakubi, ngenxa yeqandaiviliIqandaIsikhewu esinye esiluhlaza esingagubungelwa yibheji yemali elinganayo, yedazini okanye yekholamu; umthombo wenzuzo yekhasino. Kwakhona: iqanda elinye, 0.Funda yonke → lesibini. Ngezikhewu ezingama-38 isikhewu kufuneka sibe nesiphene ngakumbi ngaphambi kokuba intlawuloimaliIntlawuloOko ibheji ephumeleleyo ikubuyisayo, okuxelwa njengo-“X ku-1” ngaphezulu kwebheji ebuyisiweyo.Funda yonke → ye-35 ku-1 ibonise inzuzo.
Yintoni eyenziwa yikhasino
I-Casino Gran Madrid imi eTorrelodones, ngaphandle kwesixeko, kwaye amaphephandaba aseSpeyin adla ngokuyibiza ngokuthi yi-Casino de Madrid. Ngokwengxelo yentsapho yaqala yasusa amavili yaza yatshintsha iinxalenye zawo, ukuze ngalinye kufuneke lifundwe kwakhona. Emva koko yabathintela abadlali, phantsi kwenqaku lemigaqo yeekhasino zaseSpeyin evumela ikhasino ukuba yale abantu ekulindeleke ukuba benze izinto ezingaqhelekanga (irregularities) kwimidlalo. Ingxelo yowama-2000 ithi ityala layo yayikukuba iqela lachitha ixesha elide lisebenza ukuba isiphumo ngasinye siphuma kangaphi, lasebenzisa inkqubo yekhompyutha ukuqikelela iziphumo, kwaye ngoko ladlala ngenzuzo. Yakhalaza nokuba abanye abadlali bakopa iibheji zabo.
Ezinye iikhasino zalunyukiswa. Intsapho ichaza ukucelwa ukuba ihambe eVienna emva kobusuku bempumelelo, kwaye ngo-2012 wathi babesathintelwe eFransi naseDenmark.
Iminyaka elishumi enkundleni
Ikhasino ayizange imangalele intsapho. Intsapho yakhalaza ngesithintelo kwiofisi karhulumente eMadrid, eyagweba ukuba sasingafanelekanga, kwaye yayiyikhasino eyaya enkundleni, ichasene nesigqibo sikarhulumente.
Intsapho iqala ukubhala amavili kwi-Casino Gran Madrid.
Baphumelela rhoqo. Ngexesha leeOlimpiki zaseBarcelona iqela elinye lidlala eMadrid kwaye elinye eBarcelona.
Ikhasino ithintela abathandathu kubo.
Iofisi karhulumente eMadrid ibhengeza ukuba isithintelo asifanelekanga. Ikhasino iya enkundleni.
I-High Court of Justice yaseMadrid iyasichitha isikhalazo sekhasino.
INkundla ePhakamileyo iyasala isibheno sekhasino.
Ifilimu i-The Pelayos ikhutshwa eSpeyin.
Yathini iNkundla ePhakamileyo
Inkundla yagqiba ukuba oko kwenziwa ngabadlali kwakungeyonto ingaqhelekanga ngokwentsingiselo yemigaqo, ngoko ikhasino yayingenasizathu sokubagcina ngaphandle. Ngamazwi ayo, abadlali babengenzanga nto ngaphezu kokusebenzisa ubuchule babo nokusebenzisa iindlela zekhompyutha, kwaye ukudlala kwabo kwakusekelwe ekuqwalaseleni nje iziphumo eziphindaphindwayo, hayi ekwaphuleni imithetho. Yabeka unobangela kumavili: iziphene ezincinci kakhulu zokwakhiwa okanye zokubekwa, ezingabonakaliyo ngamehlo.
Yachaza kwanento enokwenziwa yikhasino endaweni yoko. Ukuzikhusela okusemthethweni akukokugxotha okanye ukuthintela abadlali kodwa kukutshintsha apho amavili ame khona, ukutshintshiselana ngeenxalenye zawo okanye ukuphucula uyilo lwawo.
Isigwebo simxinwa ngakumbi kunokuba sidla ngokwenziwa sivakale. Sisebenzisa inqaku elinye lemigaqo yeekhasino zaseSpeyin kwisithintelo esinye. Asithi zonke iikhasino kuyo yonke indawo kufuneka zamkele umdlali ofumene ivili elithambekileyo.
Emva kwe-roulette
Wafunda i-poker eMelika waza wavula iklabhu ye-Texas hold’em eMadrid ngo-1996; i-El Mundo yaxela ngo-2001 ukuba uCarlos Mortensen, intshatsheli yehlabathi ngaloo nyaka, wawufunda umdlalo apho. Ngo-2004 wayephila nge-poker kwi-intanethi, kwaye kamva waguqukela ekubhejeni kwezemidlalo. NoIván wabhala iLa fabulosa historia de los Pelayos (2003). I-History Channel yalibalisa ibali kuthotho lwayo i-Breaking Vegas, kwaye uEduard Cortés walifota njenge-The Pelayos (2012). Wabuyela ekulawuleni iifilimu kwangaloo nyaka.
Yintoni engangqinwanga
Izinto ezintathu ezidla ngokuthethwa ngooPelayo azinamthombo ngaphandle kwentsapho, okanye azinawo konke konke. Uthi umenzi waseNgilani wakha ivili elikhethekileyo nxamnye nabo, “i-roulette echasene noPelayo”; akukho menzi okanye khasino iqinisekisileyo. Akukho nto ibonisa ukuba iikhasino kulo lonke elaseYurophu zatshintsha ulondolozo lwazo ngenxa yale ntsapho inye. Kwaye iitheyibhile zemida encwadini azikwazanga ukujongwa kweli phepha, ngoko zichazwe apha kuphela njengoko umphononongi wazichazayo.
Imibuzo
Hayi. Ikhasino yabathintela, urhulumente wasibhukuqa isithintelo, kwaye ikhasino yamsa urhulumente enkundleni. Yoyiswa ngo-2000 naphinda kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo ngo-2004.
Yagweba ukuba ukuqwalasela ivili nokubheja kwinto elibonisayo akuyonto ingaqhelekanga phantsi kwemigaqo yeekhasino zaseSpeyin, ngoko esi sithintelo sasingafanelekanga. Ayigqibanga nto ngamanye amazwe.
Wathi ngo-2004 yayibuyisa i-2.7% apho yayikhe yafikelela kwi-6%, kwaye abantu awayebazi abazama eMadrid bayenza kakubi baza balahlekelwa.
Uncumo
Icebiso lenkundla kwikhasino: lungisa ivili, hayi uluhlu lweendwendwe.
Imithombo
- Tribunal Supremo, Sala de lo Contencioso-Administrativo.
- Hernández, J. A. “El clan de los Pelayo gana la apuesta.”
- Sampedro, J. “Los ‘tecnotahúres’ vuelven al casino.”
- Cadena SER. “Los Pelayo ya pueden entrar en el Casino de Madrid.”
- Mazo, V. “Pelayos contra el Ibex 35.”
- Semana. “El terror de la ruleta.”
- Solomita, M. “La increíble historia de Gonzalo García-Pelayo, el hombre que venció a la ruleta.”
- Wille, G. “Hicimos saltar la banca.”
- Ibáñez, Á. “La Fabulosa Historia de Los Pelayos.”
- Mazarrasa, L. Inqaku nge-poker eSpeyin.
- García-Pelayo, G. “Análisis de una ruleta.”