Uhlalutyo lwecandelo
Iziphene zomzimba zichaphazela izikhewu ezingabamelwane kunye, ngoko vavanya imijikelo yeenxalenye zevili, hayi amanani enye nganye kuphela.
Hlela izikhewu ezingama-37 zibe ngamacandelo ahlangeneyo uze uthelekise ukuphuma okubonwayo nokulindelekileyo kwicandelo ngalinye. Ukuthambekela kokwenyani kudla ngokubonakala njengecandelo elinye okanye amabini angabamelwane ashushu kwiisampulu ezizimeleyo.
Indlela
Yahlula ivili libe ngamacandeloiviliIcandeloIsiqwenga esiqhubekayo sezikhewu evilini, esahlukileyo kwiqela elikwibhodi yokubheja.Funda yonke → ahlangeneyo, ngokuqhelekileyo iinxalenye ezintandathu zezikhewuizixhoboIsikhewuEsinye sezikhewu ezingama-37 ezinamanani kwirotha. Kwakhona: slot, cup.Funda yonke → ezithandathu okanye ezisixhenxe, ulandela ulandelelwano lwevili hayi ibhodi yokubhejaizixhoboIbhodi yokubhejaIgridi yokubheja eshicilelwe etafileni. Kwakhona: itafile, ilaphu.Funda yonke →. Kwicandelo ngalinye lezikhewu eziyi-k, ukuphuma okulindelekileyo ngu-n·k/37 kwaye ukutenxa okuqhelekileyoizibaloUkutenxa okuqhelekileyo (standard deviation)Ingcambu yesikwere yokwahluka; umgama oqhelekileyo wesiphumo ukusuka kwixabiso elilindelekileyo.Funda yonke → ngu-√(n·p·(1−p)) apho p = k/37. Bala z = (okubonwayo − okulindelekileyo)/σ kwicandelo ngalinye. Icandelo elingaphezu kwe-+2 lifanele ukujongwa kwakhona; elingaphezu kwe-+3, kwiisampulu ezimbini ezizimeleyo, liyanomdla.
Kutheni amacandelo
Uvavanyo lwesikhewu esinye lunamathuba angama-37 okunika isiphumo esilungileyo sobuxoki kunye nomqondiso obuthathaka kwisikhewu ngasinye. Uvavanyo lwamacandelo lunamathuba amathandathu nomqondiso odibanayo kwizikhewu ezingabamelwane. Kwakhona luhambelana nefiziksi: irothaizixhoboIrothaInxalenye ejikelezayo yevili ethwele izikhewu.Funda yonke → ethambekileyo yenza ibholaizixhoboIbholaIbhola encinci ephoswa emzileni ngokuchasene nerotha. Iibhola zanamhlanje zenziwe nge-ivorine okanye nge-Teflon, zi-18–21 mm.Funda yonke → iwele ngakumbi kwicala eliphantsi, nto leyo ixhasa inxalenye ethile; isahluliizixhoboIsahluliIsahluli sentsimbi phakathi kwezikhewu ezimbini evilini.Funda yonke → esixegayo okanye esigobileyo sitshintsha ukutsiba kwizikhewu ezisecaleni kwaso; umzila webholaizixhoboUmzila webholaUmjelo osemphethweni ehamba kuwo ibhola phambi kokuba icothe iwe. Kwakhona: umzila ophezulu.Funda yonke → oguggileyo wenza indawo yokuwa exhasa naziphi na izikhewu ezingaphantsi kwayo xa ibhola isiwa, nto leyo, ngesantya serotha esitshintsha kancinci, isasazeka kwinxalenye ebanzi. Akukho nasinye kwezi ziphene esixhasa isikhewu esinye sisodwa.
Amacandelo ashukumayo
Imida emiselweyo inokwahlula inxalenye eshushu phakathi kwamacandelo amabini ize iyixube. Indlela encedisayo ityibilikisa ifestile yezikhewu eziyi-k ijikeleze ivili, ibala u-z kwindawo nganye kwezingama-37, ize ikhangele elona xabiso liphezulu. Elona xabiso liphezulu lamanqaku e-z angama-37 anxulumeneyo xa ivili lingenamkhethe lidla ngokuba malunga ne-2.2 ukuya kwi-2.5, ngoko elona xabiso liphezulu lefestile eshukumayo elingaphantsi kwe-2.5 yingxolo, kwaye umda wokuba nomdla uphezulu ngokufanayo, malunga ne-3.5.
Ukusuka kwicandelo ukuya kwibheji
Ukuba icandelo liqinisekisiwe lishushu, ibheji yendalo yeyabamelwaneibhejiAbamelwaneInani kunye nezikhewu ezibini kwicala ngalinye lalo evilini, iitshiphu ezintlanu zenani elinye.Funda yonke → kumbindi walo okanye iseti ebekwe ngesandla yeebheji zenani elinyeibhejiInani elinyeInani elinye, ihlawula u-35:1.Funda yonke → kulo lonke. Uvavanyo lwenzuzo lizinga lokuphuma kwecandelo ngokuchasene nentlawuloimaliIntlawuloOko ibheji ephumeleleyo ikubuyisayo, okuxelwa njengo-“X ku-1” ngaphezulu kwebheji ebuyisiweyo.Funda yonke →: icandelo lezikhewu ezithandathu kufuneka liphume ngaphezu kwe-6/36 = 16.7% yexesha (okubonwayo, kuphindwe kwaqinisekiswa) ukuze iitshiphuimaliItshiphuUphawu olumele isixa esimiselweyo, olubekwa kwibhodi yokubheja ukwenza ibheji. Kwakhona: check.Funda yonke → ezintandathu zenani elinye zingalahlekelwa, ngokuchasene ne-16.2% engenamkhethe. Umahluko sisiqingatha senqaku lepesenti, kungoko ukuqinisekisa oko kuthatha amashumi amawaka emijikelo.
Umhlalutyi
Umhlalutyi wokuthambekela kwevili le-roulette kule sayithi wamkela uluhlu lwemijikelo, abale i-chi-square, aze abonise ivili njengemephu yobushushu enamanqaku e-z amacandelo, ngolwahlulo olungentla njengolungagqibekanga. Kwakhona uxuba idatha yakho ukubonisa ukuba izibalo-manani ezifanayo zikhangeleka njani xa ivili lingenamkhethe, nto leyo eliyeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokunyanga ukubona iipateni.
Ifomula
Imibuzo
Amathandathu aqhelekileyo. Ambalwa aphulukana nokucaca; amaninzi aphulukana namandla. Gqiba kwangaphambili.
Wadibanise uze ubale u-z wenxalenye edibeneyo. Isiphene sokwenyani sidla ngokuwela umda.
Hayi. Amacandelo ziinxalenye zevili. IidaziniibhejiIdazini1–12, 13–24 okanye 25–36, ihlawula u-2:1.Funda yonke → neekholamuibhejiIkholamuAmanani alishumi elinambini kwikholamu enye ethe nkqo yebhodi yokubheja, ihlawula u-2:1.Funda yonke → asingomacandelo.
Uncumo
Iziphene zezomzimba. Okomzimba kukwindawo ethile. Vavanya iinxalenye zevili.
Imithombo
- Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel.
- Pearson, K. “On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable…”