IBad Homburg kunye neekhasino zeedolophu zemithombo
Apho iqanda elinye lazalelwa khona, nokuba kutheni iidolophu zemithombo zazineekhasino kwaphela.
Ngeminyaka yee-1840 iidolophu zemithombo zaseJamani iBaden-Baden, iWiesbaden neBad Homburg zazikhuphisana ngeendwendwe ezizizityebi ngeekhasino ezincanyathiselwe kwiindawo zazo zokuhlamba. IHomburg yaphumelela imfazwe ye-roulette ngokususa iqanda. IPrussia yazivala zonke ngo-1872.
Ukuhlamba emithonjeni
Unyango lwasemithonjeni lwenkulungwane ye-19 lwaluthatha iiveki kwaye lwalutsala abantu abanemali nexesha. Iidolophu zazikhuphisana ngeehotele, iikonsathi kwaye, ukususela kwiminyaka yee-1820, amagumbi okungcakaza, anemvume evela kumazwe amancinci aseJamani ayefuna ingeniso. IKurhaus yaseBaden-Baden neKurhaus yaseWiesbaden zaziqhuba i-roulette ne-trente-et-quarante kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe; amaFrentshi, ezazivaliwe iikhasino zawo ukususela ngo-1837, eza ngobuninzi.
Ukwehliswa kwexabiso eHomburg
IBad Homburg yayincinci kwaye yafika kamva. Abazalwana abangamaBlanc bathatha imvume ngo-1841 kwaye ngo-1843 babhengeza ivili eliqandaiviliIqandaIsikhewu esinye esiluhlaza esingagubungelwa yibheji yemali elinganayo, yedazini okanye yekholamu; umthombo wenzuzo yekhasino. Kwakhona: iqanda elinye, 0.Funda yonke → elinye: inzuzo yekhasinoizibaloInzuzo yekhasinoIsabelo sebheji nganye esigcinwa yikhasino ngokomndilili: 2.70% kwi-roulette yaseYurophu.Funda yonke → yehla yaba sisiqingatha ukusuka kwi-5.26% ukuya kwi-2.70%, kwaye isibhengezo sakutsho oko. Abadlali bafuduka. Kwishumi leminyaka iHomburg yayiyidolophu yemithombo esefashonini kwaye uBlanc wayeyeyona ndoda isisityebi eHesse. Abakhuphisana nabo ekugqibeleni balinganisa iqanda elinye, kodwa ngelo xesha igama lalisele lenziwe.
Dostoevsky
UFyodor Dostoevsky walahlekelwa kakhulu eWiesbaden naseHomburg ngeminyaka yee-1860, ebambisa ngobucwebe bomfazi wakhe kwaye ebhala i-The Gambler (1866) ngeentsuku ezingama-26 ukuze ahlawule umpapashi. IRoulettenburg yenoveli ngumxube weedolophu zemithombo, kwaye inkcazo yayo yeetafile, yeenkqubo nokunyanzeleka yeyona ngxelo ilungileyo yoncwadi nge-roulette eyakha yabhalwa. Wayeka ukungcakaza ngo-1871, unyaka phambi kokuba kuvalwe iitafile.
1872
Emva komanyano, iPrussia yavala yonke ikhasino eJamani; iitafile zokugqibela eHomburg naseBaden-Baden zavalwa ngobusuku boNyaka oMtsha ka-1872. Umsebenzi wakwaBlanc wawusele ufudukele eMonaco ngo-1863, uthabathe iqanda elinye. Iidolophu zemithombo zaseJamani zaphinda zavula iikhasino zazo ngenkulungwane yama-20 (iBaden-Baden ngo-1933, iHomburg neWiesbaden emva kwemfazwe) kwaye ziqhuba i-roulette yeqanda elinye ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, ngemithetho yaseFransi eyenziwa yaqheleka yiHomburg.
Into eyashiywa ziidolophu zemithombo
Ivili leqanda elinye, ikhasino njengenxalenye yendawo yeholide, kunye nombono wokuba ikhasino ikhuphisana ngexabiso. Kwakhona umdlali we-roulette woncwadi: uAlexei kaDostoevsky, imiqwalaselo kaTurgenev, kunye nenkulungwane yeenoveli apho ikhasino yedolophu yemithombo iyindawo apho kulahleka khona ubutyebi okanye igama elihle. Izibalo zazisoloko zingu-2.70%; iidolophu zemithombo zanika imeko.
Imibuzo
Ewe. Ikhasino yeKurhaus yaphinda yavulwa ngo-1933 kwaye iqhuba i-roulette yeqanda elinye ngemithetho yaseFransi.
Yayiyeyokuqala ukulenza ibe ngumgaqo-nkqubo nokulibhengeza. Amavili angawodwa eqanda elinye asenokuba ayekho ngaphambili.
Ezopolitiko zokuziphatha kunye nelizwe elimanyeneyo elalingayidingi ingeniso yokungcakaza yamazwe amancinci.
Uncumo
Iidolophu zemithombo zazikhuphisana ngayo yonke into. IHomburg yakhuphisana ngeqanda.
Imithombo
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.