I-roulette kuncwadi

Lablée, 1801

I-La Roulette, ou le Jour yinoveli eyenzeka ukuba iqulathe inkcazo yokuqala epheleleyo yomdlalo: amagumbi ePalais-Royal, amaqandaiviliIqandaIsikhewu esinye esiluhlaza esingagubungelwa yibheji yemali elinganayo, yedazini okanye yekholamu; umthombo wenzuzo yekhasino. Kwakhona: iqanda elinye, 0.Funda yonke → amabini, ibhodi yokubhejaizixhoboIbhodi yokubhejaIgridi yokubheja eshicilelwe etafileni. Kwakhona: itafile, ilaphu.Funda yonke →, izibhengezo zee-croupierabantuCroupierUmqhubi kwitafile ye-roulette.Funda yonke →. Ngumthombo ophambili wemvelaphi ye-roulette kwaye phantse akukho mntu oyifundileyo njengenoveli, nto leyo mhlawumbi efanelekileyo.

Dostoevsky, 1866

I-The Gambler yabhalwa ngokuthethwa kwiintsuku ezingama-26 ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nesivumelwano kwaye kuhlawulwe amatyala okungcakaza aqokelelwa eWiesbaden naseHomburg. Umbalisi wayo, uAlexei, ngumhlohli kwintsapho yaseRashiya “eRoulettenburg” ophumelela ubutyebi etafileni aze abulahle, kwaye alahle nesiqu sakhe, kuyo yonke incwadi. Iinkcazo zeetafile, iinkqubo abazisebenzisayo abadlali, ukuqiniseka kokuba uthotho kufuneka luphele kunye nendlela impumelelo eziva ngayo njengokuqonda zezona ngxelo zingcono zempazamo yomngcakazi nakowuphi na ulwimi, ezabhalwa phantse kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ngaphambi kwe-26 abamnyamaibhejiOmnyamaIbheji yemali elinganayo kumanani ali-18 amnyama. NgesiFrentshi: noir.Funda yonke → nenkulungwane ngaphambi kwezoqoqosho lokuziphatha (behavioral economics).

IBad Homburg kunye neekhasino zeedolophu zemithomboIRoulettenburg kaDostoevsky

UThackeray kunye nemithombo yamanzi

I-Vanity Fair iphela ngoBecky Sharp etafileni kwidolophu yaseJamani enemithombo yamanzi ashushu, kwaye isahluko ngumzobo obukhali wokuba ngoobani ababehlala ngeenxa zonke zevili le-roulette ngeminyaka yee-1840: abonakeleyo, abanethemba, abadikiweyo kunye neengcali. UThackeray wayekubonile; iBaden-Baden yayikwindlela yawo wonke umhambi waseNgilani. I-Smoke kaTurgenev (1867) yenzeka kumagumbi afanayo.

Jack London, 1912

I-“Shorty Dreams”, ibali kwi-Smoke Bellew, kuphela kwentsomi echaza ngokuchanekileyo umdlali we-roulette ophumelelayo, kuba umdlali akasebenzisi nkqubo. USmoke Bellew, indoda yaseSan Francisco eyaba ngumgrumbi wegolide eKlondike, uhlala phantsi etafileni ye-roulette kwi-saloon yase-Elkhorn eDawson aze aqale ukuphumelela, ubusuku emva kobusuku, iidola ezingama-3,500 ngexesha. Iqabane lakhe uShorty ligqiba ekubeni kufuneka ukuba uyaphupha. Abangcakazi baseDawson, abazi ukusuka “kwiingcali zezibalo ezikholejini” ukuba i-roulette ngokwayo kuphela kwenkqubo, bazalisa iincwadi zamanqaku bezama ukuqonda iibheji zakhe bangafumani nto, kuba uSmoke utshintsha ukudlala kwakhe ngabom, ngesinye isihlandlo elahlekelwa ziibheji zomda ezingamashumi amane ngokulandelelana ukuze adidise umfanekiso.

Abanini bemidlalo abalishumi bedolophu badibanisa ibhanki yeedola ezili-10,000 kwigumbi elingasemva baze bammeme ukuba ayicele umngeni. Uyayaphula kwiyure enesiqingatha. Bejongene nokucutha imida yabo ukuya kwisenti okanye ukuvala iitafile, bambuza ukuba uya kuyithengisa ngamalini inkqubo. Amawaka angamashumi amathathu eedola, utsho, amawaka amathathu ngamnye, ahlawulwe ngothuli lwegolide, kwaye uya kuthembisa ukuba akasayi kuphinda ayidlale eDawson. Bayahlawula. Emva koko uyababonisa: xa ibholaizixhoboIbholaIbhola encinci ephoswa emzileni ngokuchasene nerotha. Iibhola zanamhlanje zenziwe nge-ivorine okanye nge-Teflon, zi-18–21 mm.Funda yonke → iphoswa ngelixa u-9 ejongene nomgcini, u-26 uyaphumelela; u-11 ojongeneyo uzisa iqanda eliphindiweyouhloboIqanda eliphindiweyoIsikhewu esingu-00 sevili laseMelika. Ubukho baso bunyusa inzuzo yekhasino ukusuka kwi-2.70% ukuya kwi-5.26%.Funda yonke →; iqanda eliphindiweyo elijongeneyo lizisa u-32. “It doesn’t always happen, but it usually happens.” UBig Burke uyalimisa ivili, alijonge, ajonge isitovu esisecaleni kwetafile, aze athuke. Ivili ligotyiwe bubushushu. Yayingazange ibe yinkqubo; yayilivili elithambekileyoilebhuIvili elithambekileyoIvili elineziphene ezenza ezinye izikhewu zibe namathuba angaphezulu kwe-1/37. Alifumaneki lula, linokubonwa kuphela ngamawaka emijikelo erekhodiweyo.Funda yonke → nendoda eyaqaphelayo.

ULondon wayechithe ubusika eKlondike ngo-1897–98 kwaye wayezazi ii-saloon. Ibali sisifundo esipheleleyo sokudlala ngenzuzo malunga neminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ngaphambi kukaThorp: qwalasela, bhala, bheja kwicandeloiviliIcandeloIsiqwenga esiqhubekayo sezikhewu evilini, esahlukileyo kwiqela elikwibhodi yokubheja.Funda yonke →, tshintsha ipateni ukuze ikhasino ingaboni oko ukubonayo, kwaye uthengise ngaphambi kokuba bahambise itafile. UJoseph Jagger wayenze into yokwenyani eMonte Carlo malunga nowe-1880; inguqulelo kaLondon iyahlekisa ngakumbi kwaye intetho yabangcakazi yokuba kutheni iinkqubo zingenakusebenza ichanile njengayo nantoni na ekule sayithi.

I-roulette yaseMonte CarloIntsomi: isicwangciso se-roulette esisoloko siphumelela

Fleming, 1953

I-Casino Royale ubukhulu becala yi-baccarat. Kwi-roulette uBond ubheja kwiidaziniibhejiIdazini1–12, 13–24 okanye 25–36, ihlawula u-2:1.Funda yonke → zokuqala ezimbini ngeyona bheji iphezulu yetafile, egubungela isibini kwisithathu sebhodi yokubheja, kwaye kwelo nqanaba uphumelela imijikelo emithandathu kwemisixhenxe; uFleming umenza aqaphele ukuba umjikelo ngamnye awunanxibelelwano nalowo ungaphambili. I-“James Bond strategy” ethengiswa kwi-intanethi, ukusasaza kwi-19–36, ibheji yemiqolo emibiniibhejiImiqolo emibiniAmanani amathandathu kwimiqolo emibini engabamelwane, ihlawula u-5:1. NgesiFrentshi: sixain.Funda yonke → i-13–18 neqanda, ayikho kwinoveli, nakuyo nayiphi na incwadi kaFleming esiyijongileyo; akwaziwa ukuba ngubani owaqala ukuyinika igama likaBond. Zombini iibheji zibiza i-2.70% kwivili leqanda elinye. Icandelo elithi Izicwangciso zokubheja kwi-roulette linezibalo.

Imida yetafile ye-roulette

Iincwadi ezingezontsomi

I-The Eudaemonic Pie kaThomas Bass (1985) ibalisa ibali leekhompyutha zezihlangu kwaye yeyona ncwadi ingcono nge-physics ye-roulette kumfundi oqhelekileyo. URichard Epstein noStewart Ethier babhala izibalo ezinzulu. I-Beating the Wheel kaRussell Barnhart (1983) iqokelela imbali yokudlala ngokuthambekela kwevili. Akukho mntu ubhale incwadi efundekayo malunga nokuba kutheni iinkqubo zisilela, kuba ingena kwiphepha elinye, eli sayithi inalo.

The Eudaemons

Yintoni eyaziwa ziintsomi

Ukuba inkqubo yindlela yokuziva ulawula. Ukuba impumelelo iziva njengolwazi. Ukuba uthotho olungenakuqhubeka luyaqhubeka. Ukuba ekuphela komdlali ophumelela ngokwenene nguye ofumene into engalunganga ngevili, kwaye kufuneka athengise ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba itafile yindawo apho umlinganiswa abonisa ukuba ungubani xa isiphumo singaxhomekekanga kuye. Izibalo zithetha izinto ezifanayo ngamanani; ababhali beenoveli bazithetha kuqala.

Imibuzo