Indoda eyaphula ibhanki

Wayengubani

UCharles Deville Wells (1841–1922) wayeyinjineli nomkhohlisi ophindaphindayo owayeqokelela imali kubatyali-mali ngenxa yezinto ezintsha ezingekhoyo. NgeyeKhala 1891 wafika eMonte Carlo ene-£4,000 yaloo mali. Kwisithuba seentsuku ezintlanu waphula ibhanki, oko kukuthi, wagqiba imali egciniweyo yetafile, izihlandlo ezininzi, waza wemka ne-£40,000 malunga ngokwengxelo yakhe, ezizigidi ezininzi zeeponti namhlanje.

I-roulette yaseMonte Carlo

Into awayenzayo ngokwenene

Wathi unenkqubo engenakusilela, kodwa akazange athi iyintoni. Amangqina akazange abone pateni icacileyo ekudlaleni kwakhe, kwaye akukho ngxelo inokuthenjwa ebiza indlela athile; i-MartingaleisicwangcisoMartingaleUkunyuswa kweebheji okuphindaphinda ibheji emva kokulahlekelwa ngakunye. Bona icandelo lezicwangciso ukuze wazi oko ikwenzayo nengakwenziyo.Funda yonke → ehlala inxulunyaniswa negama lakhe kukuqikelela nje. Ayinamsebenzi kangako loo nto: yonke inkqubo kwibhodi yokubhejaizixhoboIbhodi yokubhejaIgridi yokubheja eshicilelwe etafileni. Kwakhona: itafile, ilaphu.Funda yonke → inexabiso elilindelekileyoizibaloIxabiso elilindelekileyoIsiphumo esiphakathi kwibheji nganye ekuhambeni kwexesha elide. −1/37 yebheji kuyo yonke ibheji eqhelekileyo yaseYurophu.Funda yonke → elifanayo, ngoko nokuba wenza ntoni na, isiphumo yayilithamsanqa elide elilandelelanayo. AmathubaizibaloAmathubaIthuba lesiphumo, ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-1 okanye ku-0% ukuya ku-100%. Inani elinye: 1/37 = 2.70%.Funda yonke → ethamsanqa elide ngolu hlobo mancinci kumdlali omnye, kodwa makhulu kumawaka abantu abadlula ekhasino ngexesha elinye. Kwakuza kubakho umntu oya kuba nguWells. Wayengu-Wells.

Ingoma

Ingoma kaFred Gilbert ethi “The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo” (1892), eyayiculwa nguCharles Coborn, yaba yimpumelelo enkulu kwii-music hall zaseLondon yaza yawela eMelika. Umbalisi wayo uhamba ngekratshi kwibhulevadi ngomoya wokuzimela, kwaye ibinzana elithi “broke the bank” liye lathetha impumelelo emangalisayo ukusukela ngoko. Ingoma ayikhankanyi utyelelo lwesibini.

Utyelelo lwesibini nasemva koko

UWells wabuya kwakuloo kwindla waphinda waphumelela, emva koko walahlekelwa yinxalenye yemali kutyelelo lwasebusika ngo-1891–92. Wachitha kakhulu kwisikhephe sobunewunewu, iPalais Royale, ngemali yabatyali-mali; asizange sifike eMonte Carlo. Ngasekupheleni kuka-1892 amapolisa aseFransi ambamba eLe Havre, kwaye ngoKwindla 1893 inkundla yaseLondon yamgweba iminyaka esibhozo yokusebenza nzima entolongweni ngenxa yobuqhophololo. Wakhululwa ngo-1899, wafumana iminyaka emithathu ngaphezulu ngo-1906 ngenxa yobunye ubuqhophololo, kwaye malunga no-1911 waqhuba ibhanki engeyiyo yokwenene eParis eyayithembisa i-1% ngosuku, nto leyo eyamfaka entolongweni yaseFransi. Wasweleka eLondon ngo-1922. Ikhasino, eyayihlawule i-£40,000 ngo-1891 yaza yafumana ngaphezulu koko ngodumo, yazuza kakhulu kuye.

Kutheni eli bali libalulekile

Ngowona mzekelo ucacileyo wenkqubo “esebenzayo” emva koko ingasebenzi. Inkqubo ayenzanga nto kuzo zombini izihlandlo; ithamsanqa leza lahamba, njengoko amaphepha okwahlukaizibaloUkwahlukaUmlinganiselo wokuba iziphumo zisasazeke kangakanani zijikeleze ixabiso elilindelekileyo. Kuphezulu kwibheji yenani elinye, kuphantsi kwiibheji zemali elinganayo.Funda yonke → esitsho ukuba kufuneka kwenzeke. Ikhasino yalahlekelwa yiveki enye yaza yazuza intsomi. Yonke inkqubo ethengiswe ukusukela ngoko inoWells kubungqina bayo, kwaye nganye kuzo inotyelelo lwesibini olungakhankanywayo bubungqina.

Imibuzo