Iibhonasi, izibonelelo neembuyekezo kwi-roulette
Iibhonasi ze-roulette ezifana neekhuphoni ze-matchplay, iitshiphu ongenakuzitshintsha zibe yimali kunye nembuyekezo yeelahleko zihambisa imali encinci ukusuka kwikhasino ukuya kumdlali. Xa zixabiswe ngokuchanekileyo, ezinye zazo zixabisa ngaphezu koko kuthathwa livili.
Ikhuphoni ephinda kabini intlawulo yemali elinganayo ixabisa malunga nama-46% ebheji kwivili laseYurophu. Itshiphu yesibonelelo esetyenziswa kanye ixabisa u-(36 − n)/37 wexabiso layo elibhaliweyo kwibheji egubungela amanani angu-n: ama-95% kwibheji yenani elinye, ama-49% kobomvu. Imbuyekezo yesiqingatha selahleko yakho yokwenyani yenza iseshoni emfutshane yobomvu ifaneleke ukudlalwa. Akukho nto koku itshintsha ivili; itshintsha ukuba ngubani ohlawulayo.
Kutheni isibonelelo sinokoyisa inzuzo yekhasino
Inzuzo yekhasinoizibaloInzuzo yekhasinoIsabelo sebheji nganye esigcinwa yikhasino ngokomndilili: 2.70% kwi-roulette yaseYurophu.Funda yonke → lixabiso ngeyunithiimaliIyunithiIbheji esisiseko esetyenziswa yinkqubo okanye ngumdlali. Ukunyuswa kweebheji kuchazwa ngeeyunithi ukuze kusebenze kuyo nayiphi na itafile.Funda yonke → nganye ebhejiweyo: i-2.70% kwivili laseYurophu. Ibhonasi ye-roulette yongeza imali kwicala elinye lebheji, kwaye ukuba yongeza ngaphezu kwe-2.70% yebheji, loo bheji ilungile lonke ixesha isibonelelo sisaqhubeka. Iikhasino ziyazinikezela nangona kunjalo kuba zinqunyelwe: ikhuphoni enye ngotyelelo ngalunye, iitshiphuimaliItshiphuUphawu olumele isixa esimiselweyo, olubekwa kwibhodi yokubheja ukwenza ibheji. Kwakhona: check.Funda yonke → ezinokubhejwa kodwa zingenakutshintshwa zibe yimali, imbuyekezo kuphela kubadlali abalahlekelwa zizixa ezikhulu. Izibalo ziyafana nakuyo yonke enye indawo kule sayithi: ithuba liphindwe ngentlawuloimaliIntlawuloOko ibheji ephumeleleyo ikubuyisayo, okuxelwa njengo-“X ku-1” ngaphezulu kwebheji ebuyisiweyo.Funda yonke →, kudityaniswe kuzo zonke iziphumo.
Iikhuphoni ze-matchplay
Ikhuphoni ye-matchplay ihlala ecaleni kwebheji yemali kwaye iphinda kabini oko kuhlawulwa yibheji ukuba iyaphumelela; nokuba iphumelela okanye ilahlekelwa, ikhasino igcina ikhuphoni. UBollman (2024) uxabisa ikhuphoni yaseLas Vegas yowama-2022 eyayilinganisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-$50 kwi-bheji yemali elinganayoibhejiIbheji yemali elinganayoObomvu/omnyama, angalinganiyo/alinganayo, aphezulu/aphantsi. Amanani ali-18, ihlawula u-1:1.Funda yonke →. Kwivili laseYurophu, i-$50 kobomvuibhejiObomvuIbheji yemali elinganayo kumanani ali-18 abomvu. NgesiFrentshi: rouge.Funda yonke → nekhuphoni iphumelela i-$100 ngethuba le-18/37 kwaye ilahlekelwa yi-$50 ngethuba le-19/37: i-+$22.97 elindelekileyo, okanye i-45.9% yebheji. Kwivili laseMelika yi-+$21.05, 42.1%. Kwi-bheji yenani elinyeibhejiInani elinyeInani elinye, ihlawula u-35:1.Funda yonke → ikhuphoni efanayo ibiya kuxabisa kabini, yiyo loo nto iikhuphoni zinqunyelwe kwiibheji zemali elinganayo.
Iitshiphu ongenakuzitshintsha zibe yimali
Iitshiphu zesibonelelo, ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziitshiphu ezingatshintshwayo (non-negotiable), zinokubhejwa kodwa azinakutshintshwa zibe yimali. Umthetho oqhelekileyo kukusetyenziswa kanye: ibheji ephumeleleyo ihlawulwa ngeetshiphu eziqhelekileyo kwaye itshiphu yesibonelelo iyathathwa; ibheji elahlekileyo nayo iyathathwa. Itshiphu ye-$100 kwibheji egubungela amanani angu-n iphumelela u-(36 − n)/n × $100 ngethuba lika-n/37, ngoko ixabisa u-(36 − n)/37 wexabiso layo elibhaliweyo. Ixabiso letshiphu ngokwayo alisoze libuye, ziimpumelelo kuphela, kwaye ibheji ephumelela kunqabile kodwa ihlawula kakhulu ilahlekelwa kancinci ngaloo ndlela: i-$94.59 kwibheji yenani elinye, i-$48.65 kobomvu. Apho itshiphu inokuhlala kwi-bhodi yokubhejaizixhoboIbhodi yokubhejaIgridi yokubheja eshicilelwe etafileni. Kwakhona: itafile, ilaphu.Funda yonke → ide ilahleke, ibheji yemali elinganayo ixabisa i-18/19 yexabiso layo elibhaliweyo kwivili laseYurophu kunye ne-9/10 kwelaseMelika (Bollman, 2024).
Ukuguqula iitshiphu zibe yimali
Ixabiso ngumndilili; umdlali ofuna imali ngokuqinisekileyo angayithenga ngokuzikhusela (hedge). Umzekelo kaBollman uvela kwikhasino endala iVegas World: i-$1,000 yeetshiphu ezisetyenziswa kanye kwivili laseMelika, i-$500 kobomvu ne-$500 komnyamaibhejiOmnyamaIbheji yemali elinganayo kumanani ali-18 amnyama. NgesiFrentshi: noir.Funda yonke →, kunye ne-$20 ngemali kwi-0 nakwi-00 ngalinye. Obomvu okanye omnyama uphumelela i-$500 kwaye ulahlekelwa yi-$40 yemali: +$460. IqandaiviliIqandaIsikhewu esinye esiluhlaza esingagubungelwa yibheji yemali elinganayo, yedazini okanye yekholamu; umthombo wenzuzo yekhasino. Kwakhona: iqanda elinye, 0.Funda yonke → lilahlekelwa zombini iitshiphu kwaye lihlawula i-$700 kwimali: +$680. Umdlali ugcina ubuncinane i-$460, kwaye umndilili, $471.58, yi-99.6% yento ixatyiswa ziitshiphu kobomvu zodwa. Apho imithetho ivumela iitshiphu kumanani anye, ivili laseYurophu linika ukuzikhusela okungcono: iitshiphu ze-$25 kuwo onke amanani angama-36 ($900) kunye ne-$25 ngemali kwiqanda. Nokuba ngawuphi na inani eliphumayo lihlawula i-$875, kwaye imali ekwiqanda iyalahleka ngaphandle kokuba kuphuma iqanda ngokwalo, ngoko umdlali ugcina ubuncinane i-$850, ama-94% exabiso elibhaliweyo leetshiphu, ngaphandle komngcipheko konke konke.
Imbuyekezo yeelahleko
Abadlali ababheja izixa ezikhulu bahlala benikwa imbuyekezo (rebate): isabelo selahleko yabo yokwenyani sibuyiswa ekupheleni kweseshoni ekuvunyelwene ngayo. Imbuyekezo ihlawula kuphela xa ulahlekelwa, ngoko ixabisa kakhulu xa iziphumo zijingajinga kakhulu kwaye iseshoni imfutshane ngokwaneleyo ukuba inzuzo yekhasino ingekalawuli. U-Epstein (2013) usebenza imeko yevili laseMelika; amanani ethu evili laseYurophu ayalandela. Ngesiqingatha selahleko yokwenyani sibuyisiwe, ukubheja ngokulinganayo kwimali elinganayo kufanele ukudlalwa ukuya kuthi ga kwimijikelo eli-103 kwaye kungcono kakhulu kwengama-25, kuxabisa i-+0.51 yeebheji ngokomndilili. Kwibheji yenani elinye ukujingajinga kukhulu kakhulu kangangokuba iseshoni ihlala ilungile malunga nemijikelo engama-3,600 kwaye ingcono kakhulu kwengama-882, ixabisa i-+17.25 yeebheji. Ngembuyekezo eqhelekileyo ngakumbi ye-10%, imali elinganayo ilungile kumjikelo omnye kuphela, ngelixa ibheji yenani elinye ingcono kakhulu kwimijikelo engama-20, ixabisa i-+0.62 yeebheji.
Imithetho yezibonelelo ze-roulette: into ikhasino exhomekeke kuyo
Zonke izibonelelo zinomda, kwaye umda ukhusela ikhasino: ikhuphoni enye ngotyelelo, iitshiphu ezikhutshwa ngesixa esimiselweyo, iimbuyekezo ekuvunyelwene ngazo kuphela nabadlali abaneelahleko ezilindelekileyo kuhambo olunye ezigqitha kakhulu imbuyekezo. Umdlali osebenzisa ikhuphoni aze ahlale ubusuku bonke ebheja i-$50 kobomvu ubuyisa i-$22.97 kwimijikelo eli-17, nge-$1.35 ngomjikelo. Ixabiso liyinyani kumdlali olithathayo aze ahambe, okanye obesele eza kudlala kangako nangona kunjalo.
Ifomula
Imibuzo
Kwibheji enye ehamba nayo, ewe. Yonke enye ibheji isabiza i-2.70% yebheji.
Bambalwa abadlali abacinga ngako, iitshiphu zinqunyelwe, kwaye ikhasino sele isixabisile isibonelelo njengentengiso.
Kunqabile. Ziyimeko yabadlali abakhulu (high-roller), ngokuqhelekileyo ekuvunyelwene ngayo nomamkeli wekhasino kwaye ihlawulwa kwilahleko yokwenyani yohambo.
Ukonwaba ngezibalo
Qala uzizame ngokwakho. Isisombululo ngasinye sisongiwe; sivule xa ukulungele.
Unikwa itshiphuimaliItshiphuUphawu olumele isixa esimiselweyo, olubekwa kwibhodi yokubheja ukwenza ibheji. Kwakhona: check.Funda yonke → yokukhuthaza ye-$25 ethathwa emva kwebheji enye, nokuba uyaphumelela okanye uyalahlekelwa. Ifanele ibekwe phi: kobomvuibhejiObomvuIbheji yemali elinganayo kumanani ali-18 abomvu. NgesiFrentshi: rouge.Funda yonke →, kwidaziniibhejiIdazini1–12, 13–24 okanye 25–36, ihlawula u-2:1.Funda yonke → okanye kwinani elinye?
Bonisa isisombululo
Impendulo Kwinani elinye. Apho ixabisa i-$23.65 ngomndilili; kwidazini i-$16.22 kwaye kobomvu i-$12.16.
Itshiphu ngokwayo ayibuyi, kubuya kuphela oko ikuzuzayo. Kobomvu izuza i-$25 ngethuba eli-18/37: $12.16. Kwidazini izuza i-$50 ngethuba eli-12/37: $16.22. Kwinani elinye izuza i-$875 ngethuba eli-1/37: $23.65.
Ngokubanzi ibheji kumanani ali-n ixabisa u-(36 − n)/37 wetshiphu, ngoko okukhona amanani embalwa, kokukhona kungcono. Ngetshiphu eqhelekileyo oku akwenzi mahluko, kuba ibheji ibuya kunye nayo yonke impumelelo kwaye yonke ibheji ixabisa u-36/37 wayo. Ukuthatha ibheji kwenzakalisa iibheji eziphumelela rhoqo kwaye kuphantse kungachukumisi ibheji ephumelela kanye kwezingama-37.
Ikhasino iya kubuyisa isiqingatha selahleko yakho yokwenyani emva komjikelo omnye ngqo. Ingaba i-$100 kobomvu ifanele ukudlalwa? Kwaye i-$100 kwinani elinye?
Bonisa isisombululo
Impendulo Zombini zinjalo: malunga ne-+$22.97 kobomvu kunye ne-+$45.95 kwinani.
Kobomvu uzuza i-$100 ngethuba eli-18/37 kwaye, emva kokubuyiselwa, ulahlekelwa yi-$50 ngethuba eli-19/37: (1,800 − 950)/37 = +$22.97.
Kwinani elinye uzuza i-$3,500 ngethuba eli-1/37 kwaye ulahlekelwa yi-$50 ngethuba elingama-36/37: (3,500 − 1,800)/37 = +$45.95.
La ngamanani e-matchplay kwakhona. Ibheji ye-$100 elahlekelwa yi-$50 kuphela izuza i-$100 okanye ilahlekelwa yi-$50, ngqo njengebheji ye-$50 enekhuphoni ephindaphinda inzuzo yayo kabini. Kwiseshoni ende ukubuyiselwa kuhlawulwa kuphela kwisiphumo sokwenyani, iimpumelelo nelahleko ziyacimana ngaphambi kokuba kuhlawulwe, kwaye ixabiso liyancipha; kubomvu nesiqingatha esibuyiswayo, imijikelo engama-25 bubona bude bungcono.
Ikhasino iya kubuyisa isiqingatha selahleko yakho yokwenyani emva kwenani elimiselweyo leebheji ze-$100 kobomvu, elikhethwe kwangaphambili: umjikelo o-1, emi-2 okanye emi-3. Yeyiphi exabisa kakhulu?
Bonisa isisombululo
Impendulo Imijikelo emithathu: malunga ne-+$31.45. Umjikelo omnye uxabisa i-+$22.97, kwaye emibini i-+$20.96 kuphela.
Umjikelo omnye: zuza i-$100 ngethuba eli-18/37, okanye ulahlekelwe yi-$100 ubuyiselwe i-$50 ngethuba eli-19/37: +$22.97, njengakumthambo ongentla.
Imijikelo emibini: zombini ziyaphumelela (izihlandlo ezingama-324 kwi-1,369), +$200. Enye nganye (izihlandlo ezingama-684), $0, akukho nto ibuyiswayo. Zombini ziyalahleka (izihlandlo ezingama-361), −$200, −$100 emva kokubuyiselwa. Umndilili: (200 × 324 − 100 × 361)/1,369 = +$20.96. Ukubuyiselwa kuhlawula kuphela kwilahleko, kwaye imijikelo emibini iguqula ilahleko ezininzi zomjikelo omnye zibe kukulingana.
Imijikelo emithathu ayinakuze ilingane. Iimpumelelo ezintathu (izihlandlo ezingama-5,832 kwezingama-50,653): +$300. Iimpumelelo ezimbini (18,468): +$100. Impumelelo enye (19,494): −$100, ibuyiselwe ku-−$50. Akukho nanye (6,859): −$300, ibuyiselwe ku-−$150. Umndilili: +$31.45.
Ukubuyiselwa kuxabisa ngakumbi okukhona uzibophelela ixesha elide, ngelixa inzuzo yekhasino ibiza i-$2.70 kuphela ngomjikelo, ngoko ixabiso linyuka libe malunga ne-+$51 kwimijikelo engama-25 (jonga itheyibhile engentla), kwaye inani elingalinganiyo lemijikelo lihlala liphumelela inani elilinganayo elilandela lona.
Ikhasino yase-Las Vegas yakha yanika ikhuphoni: bheja i-$5 ku-00 kwaye, ukuba iyaphumelela, uhlawulwa i-$250 endaweni ye-$175 eqhelekileyo. Ibheji ye-$5 ixabisa malini ngekhuphoni, njengesabelo sebheji, kwivili layo leqandaiviliIqandaIsikhewu esinye esiluhlaza esingagubungelwa yibheji yemali elinganayo, yedazini okanye yekholamu; umthombo wenzuzo yekhasino. Kwakhona: iqanda elinye, 0.Funda yonke → eliphindiweyo?
Bonisa isisombululo
Impendulo Malunga ne-+34%: ibheji ixabisa i-+$1.71 ngomndilili. Ukuba i-$250 iquka i-$5 ebuyiswayo, yi-+31.6%.
U-00 uphumelela kanye kwimijikelo engama-38. Ngekhuphoni: +$250 kanye, −$5 kwezinye izihlandlo ezingama-37. Umndilili: (250 − 37 × 5)/38 = 65/38 = +$1.71, eyi-34.2% ye-$5. Ngaphandle kwekhuphoni: (175 − 185)/38 = −$0.26, i-−5.26% eqhelekileyo.
Ukuba i-$250 sisixa esipheleleyo esibuyiswayo, inzuzo yi-$245 kwaye umndilili ngu-(245 − 185)/38 = +$1.58, okanye i-31.6%.
U-Bollman (2024) ubeka le khuphoni, evela kwikhasino i-Lady Luck (ngoku eyi-Downtown Grand), njengomthambo; impendulo eshicilelwe nayo, i-7.89%, ayihambelani nanye yezi ndlela zokufunda. Njengekhuphoni ye-matchplay, ixabisa into kanye: yidlale uze uyeke.
Uncumo
Isibonelelo sixabisa kakhulu kumdlali osithathayo aze agoduke.
Imithombo
- Bollman, M. Basic Gambling Mathematics: The Numbers Behind the Neon, 2nd ed.
- Epstein, R. A. The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic, 2nd ed.